Understanding Node.js LTS and Versioning

Node.js releases can sometimes be confusing, especially when trying to understand the difference between LTS (Long-Term Support) and regular versions. In this post, we'll break it down into simple terms and help you navigate Node.js versions confidently.

Node.js Releases: Even vs. Odd Versions

Each year, two major versions of Node.js are released:

  • Odd-numbered versions: These are Current releases, used for testing new features and improvements. For example, Node.js 17 is an odd version.

    • Codenames are simply the English words for the number (e.g., 17 is "Seventeen").
    • These versions are not recommended for production use as they do not receive long-term support.

  • Even-numbered versions: These are LTS (Long-Term Support) versions, designed for stability and production use. For example, Node.js 18 is an even version.

    • Codenames for LTS versions are inspired by elements from the periodic table (e.g., 18 is "Hydrogen").
    • LTS versions remain actively maintained and supported for an extended period, ensuring security and bug fixes.

Learn more about the release schedule and current versions on the official Node.js page: Node.js Previous Releases.

How Does LTS Work?

An LTS version is actively supported for around 30 months. During this time:

  1. Active LTS:

    • New features and updates are introduced, but only non-breaking changes are allowed (e.g., minor updates like 20.13 → 20.14).

  2. Maintenance Mode:

    • Focuses solely on critical fixes, such as security patches.

For example, if you're using Node.js 20.x, you should always update to the latest patch (e.g., 20.15) for better security and bug fixes. Older versions within the same major release, like 20.13, are not recommended.

What Happens to Old Versions?

Versions older than the current LTS are no longer supported. This means:

  • Versions 12, 14, and 16: These are considered end-of-life (EOL) and no longer receive updates or security patches.
  • If you're using one of these versions, you should immediately upgrade to the latest LTS version, such as 18 (Hydrogen), 20 (Iron) or 22 (Jod).

Why Should You Update?

Keeping your Node.js version up to date ensures:

  • Security: Protect your application from vulnerabilities.
  • Stability: Benefit from bug fixes and performance improvements.
  • Future-proofing: Stay compatible with the latest libraries and tools.

Using outdated versions, like Node.js 12 or 14, can leave your applications exposed to security risks and compatibility issues.

FAQs About Node.js LTS

What does LTS mean?

LTS stands for "Long-Term Support." These versions are stable and suitable for production environments, receiving updates for a longer time compared to Current (odd-numbered) versions.

Does LTS mean no changes?

No, LTS versions still receive updates, including minor features, security fixes, and bug patches. However, these updates will not introduce breaking changes.

Where can I find the latest LTS updates?

Check the Node.js Previous Releases page for the most up-to-date information on supported versions and their release status.

Can I use odd-numbered versions in production?

It’s not recommended. Odd-numbered versions are for experimenting and testing new features. Use an even-numbered LTS version for production work.

What happens if I don’t update?

If you don’t update:

  • You might expose your application to security vulnerabilities.
  • Your tools and libraries may stop working with older versions.

Conclusion

Now that you understand how Node.js versions work, you might also be interested in learning how to build Node.js from source, customize it, or make your own modifications. Check out this detailed guide on how to do it: How to Build Node.js from Source.

Understanding Node.js LTS and versioning helps you make informed decisions about updating your development environment. Always aim to use the latest LTS version for a secure and stable experience. Stay updated and keep coding!